Navigating Challenges in Expanding Vaccine Production in Africa

In a bid to boost vaccine production in Africa and decrease the continent's reliance on imported vaccines, several ambitious projects have been launched. However, these plans are facing significant challenges, as highlighted by a recent analysis by Africa CDC, CHAI, and PATH.

The COVID-19 pandemic intensified the urgency to establish vaccine manufacturing capabilities in Africa. Moderna's decision to pause the construction of a vaccine plant in Kenya serves as a stark reminder of the hurdles ahead. Despite efforts by companies like BioNTech and initiatives such as the African Vaccine Manufacturing Accelerator, the demand for COVID-19 vaccines in Africa has decreased. Africa also lacks trained personnel and robust regulatory systems for medical products, further complicating the situation.

The Partnership for African Vaccine Manufacturing (PAVM) aims to have 60% of the continent's vaccine doses produced locally by 2040. This ambitious goal has energized the continent, with various projects already underway. Another significant initiative is the African Vaccine Manufacturing Accelerator, supported by Gavi, which aims to accelerate vaccine production against 11 diseases in Africa.

However, challenges remain. African companies lack the capacity to produce antigens, a crucial component of vaccines. Securing technology transfer deals from foreign companies is difficult, and African governments have not committed to purchasing locally-made vaccines. Competition from established vaccine manufacturers like the Serum Institute of India poses a threat to African producers' competitiveness on the global stage.

To address these obstacles, the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative was established to coordinate efforts and prevent market fragmentation. By pooling regional resources and expertise, African countries can optimize vaccine production and distribution. Furthermore, proposals to pay a premium for African-produced vaccines are under consideration as a means to support local manufacturers.

Despite the hurdles ahead, the vision of a self-reliant Africa in vaccine production remains attainable. With strategic coordination, investment in training, and support from global health organizations, African countries can strengthen their vaccine manufacturing capabilities and safeguard public health for generations to come.

(Source: https://www.science.org/content/article/plans-expand-african-vaccine-production-face-steep-hurdles)