Decoding Bronze Age Diets Through Teeth Analysis
The analysis of the microbial DNA extracted from the ancient teeth provided a unique window into the past, showcasing the impact of dietary changes on the oral microbiome. The findings shed light on the consequences of historical shifts such as the introduction of sugar and the onset of industrialization. Remarkably, one of the teeth exhibited signs of dysbiosis, revealing an imbalance in the oral microbiome that could have predisposed the individual to dental cavities.
Of particular interest was the discovery of high-quality ancient genomes from Streptococcus mutans, a notorious bacterium known for causing tooth decay. Surprisingly, S. mutans DNA was found to be exceptionally rare in ancient oral microbiomes, hinting at the species' complex relationship with human dietary habits throughout history. The absence of S. mutans in ancient mouths may be attributed to various factors, including its acid-producing nature and the changing landscapes of human diets.
The study's lead researcher, Lara Cassidy from Trinity College Dublin, expressed astonishment at the abundance of S. mutans DNA in the 4,000-year-old tooth, suggesting a high susceptibility to cavities in the individual. The exceptional preservation of the DNA in the cool, dry cave conditions further highlighted the significance of the findings.
Furthermore, the reconstruction of genomes from another bacterium, Tannerella forsythia, implicated a loss of biodiversity in modern oral microbiomes compared to ancient populations. The genetic diversity observed in the Bronze Age strains of T. forsythia underscored the impact of changing environments on the evolution of oral pathogens.
The study's analysis revealed intriguing evolutionary shifts in disease-causing bacteria over the past centuries, with distinct genetic adaptations coinciding with cultural transitions such as the consumption of sugar. While both S. mutans and T. forsythia displayed genetic alterations, it was evident that recent dietary changes had a profound influence on the diversity and composition of oral microbiomes.
In essence, the ancient teeth from the Bronze Age man in Ireland provided a glimpse into the intricate interplay between human diets, oral microbiomes, and disease-causing bacteria across millennia. The study's findings not only deepen our understanding of ancient human health but also offer valuable insights into the evolution of oral pathogens and the impact of cultural practices on oral microbiomes.
Source: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1038485
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